Bepa rechimbuzi, iro rinozivikanwawo sepepa rechimbuzi rakakwenya, rinonyanya kushandiswa pakuchenesa vanhu zuva nezuva uye ndeimwe yemhando dzepepa dzinodiwa kuvanhu. Kuti bepa rechimbuzi riite nyoro, nzira dzemichina dzinowanzo shandiswa kukwenya bepa uye kuwedzera kupfava kwepepa rechimbuzi. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvekugadzira bepa rechimbuzi. Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira donje, huni, huswa, pulp, nezvimwewo.
NdiArthur akagadzira bepa rechimbuzi. Shigutuo. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, makore anoda kusvika zana apfuura, kambani yeAmerican Shigutuo Paper Company yakatenga bepa rakawanda, iro raisashandiswa nekuda kwekuregeredza kwaiita basa rekutakura, izvo zvakaita kuti bepa rinyorove uye rive rakamonana. Vakatarisana nedura remapepa asina basa, munhu wese aisaziva zvekuita. Pamusangano wevatariri, mumwe munhu akataura kuti bepa racho ridzoserwe kumutengesi kuderedza kurasikirwa. Zano iri rakatsigirwa nemunhu wese. Arthur, mukuru wekambani. Shi Gute haana kufunga kudaro. Akafunga kugadzira maburi mumapepa, ayo akava nyore kubvarura kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Shigutuo akatumidza rudzi urwu rwepepa kuti "Sonny" matauro epepa rechimbuzi ndokuatengesa kuzviteshi zvechitima, maresitorendi, zvikoro, nezvimwewo. Akaaisa muzvimbuzi. Aive akakurumbira zvikuru nekuti aive nyore kushandisa, uye akapararira zvishoma nezvishoma kumhuri yese, achigadzira purofiti yakawanda kukambani. Mazuva ano, bepa rechimbuzi rave chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwako, uye rakatipa mukana wekuita zvinhu zvakawanda muhupenyu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Munzvimbo dzekare kare kare bepa rekugezera remazuva ano risati ragadzirwa, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa "pepa rekugezera riri nyore", rakadai semashizha elettuce, machira, makushe, mashizha ehuswa, mashizha ekoko kana mashizha echibage. VaGiriki vekare vaiuya nematombo evhu kana matombo mashoma pavaienda kuchimbuzi, nepo VaRoma vekare vaishandisa matanda ane chipanji chakanyikwa mumvura ine munyu akasungirirwa kumucheto. Vanhu vemuInuit vari kure muArctic vane hunyanzvi pakushandisa zvinhu zvemuno. Vanoshandisa moss muzhizha uye sinou papepa muchando. "Bepa rekugezera" revagari vemahombekombe rinonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Magoko negungwa ndiwo "pepa rekugezera" remugungwa ravanopiwa negungwa.
Zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, maChinese ndivo vakatanga kugadzira mapepa echimbuzi ndokutanga kushandisa. Muzana remakore rechipiri BC, maChinese akanga agadzira mapepa echimbuzi ekutanga pasi rose echimbuzi. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi16 AD, mapepa echimbuzi aishandiswa nemaChinese airatidzika kunge akakura zvinoshamisa nhasi, ane upamhi hwemasendimita makumi mashanu uye hurefu hwemasendimita makumi mapfumbamwe. Ehe, mapepa echimbuzi akadaro anodhura anogona kushandiswa chete neboka repamusoro sevashandi vehumambo.
Nepepa diki diki rechimbuzi, tinogona kuwana ruzivo nezvehurongwa hwakasimba hwemagariro evanhu vekare. Vakuru vakuru veRoma vekare vaishandisa machira emvere dzakanyikwa mumvura yerose sepepa rechimbuzi, nepo mhuri yehumambo yeFrance yaifarira resi nesirika. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vakawanda vapfumi nevapfumi vanogona kushandisa mashizha emumbanje chete.
Muna 1857, muAmerica ainzi Joseph Gayetti akava muzvinabhizimisi wekutanga pasi rose kutengesa bepa rechimbuzi. Akatumidza bepa rake rechimbuzi kuti "Gayetti medical paper", asi kutaura chokwadi bepa iri ingori bepa rakanyorova rakanyikwa mumuto wealoe vera. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, mutengo wechigadzirwa ichi chitsva uchiri kushamisa. Panguva iyoyo, kushambadza kwakadaro kwaimboonekwa mumigwagwa nemumigwagwa: "Gayetti medical paper, mubatsiri akanaka wekuenda kuchimbuzi, chinhu chinodiwa mazuva ano." Zvisinei, izvi zvinonakidza, tichiziva kuti vanhu vazhinji havadi "bepa rechimbuzi regoridhe" rakadaro zvachose.
Muna 1880, hama Edward Scott naClarence Scott vakatanga kutengesa magwaro ekuchenesa atinoziva nhasi. Asi chigadzirwa chitsva pachakangobuda, chakatsoropodzwa nemaonero everuzhinji uye chakasungwa netsika dzakarambidzwa. Nekuti munguva iyoyo, mumaziso evanhuwo zvavo, kuratidzwa pachena nekutengeswa kwemapepa echimbuzi muzvitoro kwaive hunhu hunonyadzisa uye husina hunhu hwaikuvadza hutano hwemuviri nepfungwa.
Pepa rechimbuzi remukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 rakanga risina kunyorova uye rakapfava kupfuura remuchimbuzi remazuva ano, uye mvura yaro yainyudzwa. Muna 1935, chigadzirwa chitsva chinonzi "pepa rechimbuzi risina tsvina" chakatanga kutengeswa. Kubva pane izvi, hazvisi zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti bepa rechimbuzi remunguva iyoyo rinofanira kunge riine tsvina yakawanda.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti bepa rechimbuzi rine basa guru muhupenyu hwanhasi. Izvi zvinosimbiswa netsamba yekutenda yakagamuchirwa naKimberly-Clark muna 1944. Mutsamba iyi, hurumende yeUS yakarumbidza ichiti: "Chigadzirwa chekambani yenyu (bepa rechimbuzi) chakabatsira zvikuru pakuwanikwa kwemauto muHondo Yenyika II."
Muhondo yeGulf War ye "Desert Storm", akapa mipiro mikuru kumauto eUS uye akaita basa rakakosha rehondo. Panguva iyoyo, mauto eUS aiita mabasa erenje, uye madutu ejecha jena akanga akasiyana zvikuru nematangi egirini, ayo aigona kuburitsa pachena chinangwa. Nekuti zvakanga zvanonoka kupenda patsva, mauto eUS aifanira kuputira matangi nepepa rechimbuzi kuti afukidzwe nekukurumidza.
Kunyangwe bepa rechimbuzi rakatsoropodzwa uye rakatukwa uye raifanira kutengeswa pasi pevhu kuseri kwechitoro, nhasi ratopedza rwendo rwakanaka, uye rakatokwira papuratifomu yeT uye rakasimudzirwa kuita basa reunyanzvi nemabasa emaoko. Vavezi vemifananidzo vanozivikanwa Christopher, Anastasia Elias naTeruya Yongxian vatanga kushandisa bepa rechimbuzi sezvinhu zvekugadzira. Muindasitiri yemafashoni, makwikwi emuchato eMoschino cheap Shike toilet paper anoitwa gore rega rega muUnited States. Mhando dzese dzemadhirezi emuchato matsva uye akanaka epepa rechimbuzi anouya pamwe chete kuti akwikwidzane.
Bepa remuchimbuzi remazuva ano rakapfuura makore zana, uye rinonyora uchenjeri hwevanhu nehunyanzvi hwavo. Bepa remuchimbuzi rine mativi maviri (rakatangwa muna 1942) rinoita kuti sainzi netekinoroji zvive zvakakwirira, kupfava kwaro uye kunwa mvura zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvisati zvamboitika; chizvarwa chemazuva ano chebepa remuchimbuzi chine mvura inosimbisa shea butter, muchero uyu wechisikigo unozivikanwa seune mhedzisiro yakanaka yekunaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-11-2023